What is the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Symptoms of carcinoma of the tongue may include abnormally colored patches of skin on the tongue, a lump or sore that will not go away, or difficulty swallowing. Rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Tongue squamous cell carcinomas in young adults have been historically considered as particularly aggressive clinical entities, with a high risk of loco regional. The morbidity of this malignant neoplasm is low in young patientsonly about 2 % of patients was diagnosed with tongue cancer in patients under the age of 35. Squamous cell carcinoma scc of the oral tongue in patients less than 40 years old is a rare condition. The cancer which starts from the cells of the human tongue is termed as cancer of tongue. Objective to determine the effect of the margin sampling technique on local recurrence lr in patients with stage i or ii oral tongue scc.
Regarding the oral cavity, few studies have evaluated the otscc of the anterior two thirds of the tongue, especially among nonsmokers and nondrinkers 2,11. Oral cancer can be prevented by avoiding tobacco products, limiting alcohol use, sun protection on the lower lip, hpv vaccination, and avoidance of paan. Tongue cancer is a type of mouth cancer, or oral cancer, that usually develops in the squamous cells on the surface of the tongue. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue has tobacco smoking and alcohol ingestion as major risk factors and spans two regions. If tumor extension to the mandible is suspected due to clinical or mr imaging findings, ct should be added. Without early treatment, the cancer may spread to other parts of the body, creating a potential medical crisis. One hundred and twentysix patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue. In western countries, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma represents approximately 3% of new cancer diagnoses annually 3. Know the causes, symptoms, treatment, alternative treatment, recovery period and prevention of cancer of tongue. The overall survival for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is low and the search for early diagnostic and prognostic markers is thus essential. Given the importance of the tongue, tongue carcinoma should be accurately staged in order to optimise treatment options and preserve organ function. And oral cancer can be among the differentials, which can be detected early by a thorough oral exam. Statistics on tongue cancer squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue it is relatively common, with 3% of all malignancies arising within the oral cavity.
Apr 03, 2020 squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer of the tongue. There can be various types of cancer of tongue but usually the thin cells that forms the surface of the tongue are effected first. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a predilection for the tongue base. Systemic lupus erythematosus, squamous cell carcinoma, tongue, immunosuppression introduction systemic lupus erythematosus sle is a kind of autoimmune inflammatory connective tissue disease which occurs in young women with multiple organs 1, 2. Techniques, prognosis, and treatment of tongue squamous cell.
However, wide variation exists in the margin sampling technique. He underwent extensive surgery that involved right tongue cancer resection and reconstruction with a free flap graft from his right forearm. It begins in the epithelial tissue of the skin, or in the tissue that lines internal organs, such as the liver or kidneys carcinomas may spread to other parts of the body, or be confined to the primary location. Hnscc is the sixth leading cancer worldwide which accounts for over 600,000 new cancer cases and 350,000 deaths per year. The other happens at the base of your tongue, where it connects to your throat.
The main risk factors are smoking, drinking a lot of alcohol and infection with the hpv virus. Carcinoma of the floor of the mouth accounts for approximately 15% of all carcinomas of the oral cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma tongue radiology reference. Carcinoma using upper lateral pharyngotomy tsvetan tonchev, savina nencheva department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, faculty of dental medicine, prof. Nov 25, 2019 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is the most common oral cancer, usually occurring in the lateral tongue. Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue springerlink. The ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth are the sites most commonly affected by. One is called oral tongue cancer because it affects the part you can stick out.
The median age at the diagnosis of the tongue s cancer is 61 years. Nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology nccn. Squamous cell carcinoma scc is a malignant cancer seen in a variety of locations in cats, including sparselyhaired areas of the skin particularly the eyelids, nasal planum, and ears, as well as other locations within the body, such as the tonsils, under or on the tongue, mouth, esophagus, or lungs. Sep 29, 2011 the various treatment options for the tongue carcinoma include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined modalities. Some contain a brief patient history which may add insight to the actual diagnosis of the disease. The median age at the diagnosis of the tongues cancer is 61 years.
One of the first signs of tongue cancer is a lump or sore on the side of your tongue that doesnt go away. Similar to carcinoma of the oral tongue, carcinoma of the floor of the mouth is often associated with tobacco smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene. The gingivae, palate, retromolar area and the buccal and labial mucosa are oral sites less frequently affected 7. Modern surgical management of tongue carcinoma a clinical. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma scc is one of the most common cancer. If the cancer is on the forward portion of the tongue, it is known as a squamous cell cancer of the oral tongue.
Incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years, and survival has not improved. May 14, 2012 this article presents the case of a 26yearold woman with tongue cancer. This study aimed to determine etiologic factors for tongue cancer with agesex matched casecontrol data. Outcomesresolutions in general, squamous cell carcinoma of tongue is an aggressive form of cancer. Clear cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue is a rare minor salivary gland neoplasm, and to our knowledge, the mr imaging appearance of this entity has not been described. The first choice of treatment for carcinoma of the oral tongue is surgery 1, 2.
Most head and neck cancers present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, with. Materials and methods 47 patients with carcinoma of the tongue referred to our oral medicine. Tongue cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the tongue, and can cause lesions or tumors on your tongue. City of hope comprehensive cancer center thomas mccaffrey, md, phd. Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma also known as pseudoglandular squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a tubular microscopic pattern and keratinocyte acantholysis. Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys like other types of cancer, carcinomas are abnormal cells that. Mouth cancer is a major neoplasm worldwide and theoretically should be largely preventable or detectable at an early stage. Thus, in cancer of the tongue, mr imaging should be performed first. Sep 28, 2016 squamous cell carcinoma of left lateral border of tongue. Case comprehensive cancer center university hospitals seidman cancer center and cleveland clinic taussig cancer institute william m. Mar 27, 2020 carcinoma of the tongue is a type of skin cancer that appears on some part of the tongue. Pdf adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue nadir paksoy. Due to the mutilating affects of the surgical management of tongue carcinoma on the quality of life, organ preservation techniques and treatment protocols have been discussed.
Approximately 90% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinoma scc, which is seen typically on the lip or lateral part of the tongue usually as a lump or ulcer that is white, red, or mixed white and red. One of the most important risk factors for the development of squamous cell carcinoma scc of the tongue is tobacco. About tongue cancer tongue cancer cancer research uk. Patient was operated for segmental glossectomy, modified radical neck dissection of left side and primary closure by dr.
Pdf on sep 24, 2016, manas bajpai and others published squamous cell carcinoma of tongue find, read and cite all the research you. If metastasis such as to the local lymph nodes is observed, then the prognosis is guarded or unpredictable. Treatments used for oral cancer can include a combination of surgery to remove the tumor and regional lymph nodes, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. The type of cells involved in your tongue cancer helps determine your. Oral squamous cell carcinoma implies quite significant mortality and morbidity rates. Cap cancer protocol templates provide guidelines for collecting the essential data elements for complete reporting of malignant tumors and optimal patient care.
Pdf squamous cell carcinoma of tongue researchgate. Tongue cancer occurs when cells in the tongue grow abnormally forming a cancerous malignant growth or tumor. Jan 15, 2019 what is the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Fortunately, if detected early, these malignancies may have a more favorable prognosis. Pdf management of carcinoma of the base of the tongue. A case series analysis of clinical presentation, risk factors, staging, and outcome. Lip and oral cavity cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, or both, and depends on the site and extent of the tumor.
The type of cells involved in your tongue cancer helps determine your prognosis and treatment. Anatomy of oral cavity extends from skin vermilion junction of lips to junction of hard and soft palate above below it is limited to circumvallate papilla of tongue. Previous studies showed conflicting data, with no conclusive evidence of differences in outcome compared with older patients. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in young patients. Importance positive margins are associated with poor prognosis among patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma scc. Tongue cancers are oral cancers that are differentiated by their location in the mouth and on the tongue. Carcinoma of the tongue is a type of skin cancer that appears on some part of the tongue.
Oral cancer located in the mouth, tongue or oropharynx is a. Oral tongue cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to treat it that includes a surgical oncologist, a medical oncologist, a radiation oncologist, speech therapists and physical. The early detection of oral cancer is particularly important, as the stage of oral cancer at the time of the diagnosis is the most critical factor determining the fiveyear. Patient series and methods the series consisted of 76 consecutive patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue who underwent resection of the primary tumour with. Medical professionals treat this cancer with radiation, chemotherapy, and surg. Only approximately 2% of patients are diagnosed before the age of 35. Tongue cancer is more common than all forms of oral cavity cancer except those of the lip and occurs with increasing age. Ct is optimal in detection of cortical bone invasion, which appears as an interruption or erosion of the peripheral hyperattenuating rim.
Tongue cancer is a form of cancer that begins in the cells of the tongue. Dec 22, 2017 tongue cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the tongue, and can cause lesions or tumors on your tongue. In carcinoma in situ, cancer cells are confined to the epithelium, in contrast to invasive oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma, scc. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc is a common malignancy which has high rates of mortality and morbidity. The estimated death rate from oral tongue cancer in 2018 is 2,510 deaths 1750 in males and 760 in females table 1 1. Nccn guidelines index head and neck table of contents discussion nccn guidelines version 1. Case report squamous cell carcinoma of tongue after treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue with metastasis to. Cancer that beings in the front twothirds of the tongue, or the part you can stick out, is a type of oral cavity cancer.
Several types of cancer can affect the tongue, but tongue cancer most often begins in the thin, flat squamous cells that line the surface of the tongue. Oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue med oral patol oral cir. Pdf in 2018, it is estimated that about 51, 540 new cases of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer will develop, which represent approximately. The tongue can be a guide for different normal findingsvariants, pathological lesions, or signs for systemic diseases. Recently, preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy 3,4,5,6 have been introduced to make partial resection possible. In general, if cancer of the tongue is diagnosed at an early stage, it can be cured, but this becomes less likely the longer it is present and goes without treatment. Surveillance computed tomography in december 2016 showed a cardiac lesion in the left. Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue is known to have a poor clinical prognosis that is primarily attributable to such tumors usually presenting at an advanced stage. Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that forms in the front twothirds of the tongue. Symptoms can include a patch, spot or lump on your tongue that doesnt go away. Background carcinoma of the tongue is the most common intraoral malignancy in western countries.
Ct and mr imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. This consensus document on management of tongue cancers summarizes the modalities of treatment including the sitespecific anticancer therapies. Squamous cell carcinoma, oral cavity, graded overall as moderately differentiated showing a small keratin pearl large arrowin a nest of pleomorphic cells and illustrating the infiltrating character of squamous cell carcinoma with individual cells and small nests of cells separating muscle fibers small arrows. Dec 24, 2017 biopsy turns out to be moderately differentiated scc. This article presents the case of a 26yearold woman with tongue cancer. In 2018, it is estimated that about 51, 540 new cases of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer will develop, which represent approximately 35% of all cancers in the united states 1,2. Pdf papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue luiz. If the cancer is located towards the rear third of the tongue, it is known as a squamous cell cancer at the base of the tongue. Materials and methods 47 patients with carcinoma of the tongue referred to our oral medicine clinic.
Paraskev stojanov medical university of varna, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2009, book 1 abstract. A novel approach to advanced carcinoma of the tongue. In a series of 76 patients with carcinoma of the tongue the occurrence of metastasis was related to the size and histological features of the primary tumour. Carcinoma of the base of the tongue is a challenging problem for the head and neck surgeon. The symptoms vary depending upon the location of the tumor and the stage of the disease. The patients with tongue base carcinoma are usually. This is a case of a 43yearold man who in 2014 was diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma involving the tongue.
Cancer protocol templates college of american pathologists. Tongue cancer symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. For this reason, if you have symptoms of tongue cancer, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. Globally, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma primarily affects males 1. A highdoserate brachytherapy boost was performed after.
This collection of photos contain both cancers, and noncancerous diseases of the oral environment which may be mistaken for malignancies. Nevertheless, their reiteration provides a basis for the presentation of novel findings and facilitates discussion of the clinical implications. Tongue cancer usually develops in the squamous cells, which are the thin, flat cells that cover the surface of the tongue. Cancer that forms in the back onethird of the tongue is considered a type of head and neck cancer. Tongue squamous cell carcinomas in young adults have been historically considered as particularly aggressive clinical entities, with a high risk of locoregional. Lymph node metastasis is a well known negative prognostic factor for squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, and it decreases the survival rate by 50%12. The aim of our study was to determine if younger patients with tongue cancer in india had different.